ERA OF ISLAM

The battle of Hunain occurred just after the conquest of Mecca. It was the month of Shawwal (8th Hijra 629 AD). When the tribes of Hawazin and Saqeef thought that they could fight and defeat the Muslims. They had the misapprehension that in case the Muslims were defeated they would get war booties in abundance as well as Islam would be annihilated forever. With this misapprehension, they also tried to bring together some other tribes and so the tribes of Bani Helal, Jasham, Nasar, Muzir etc, joined them. Thus, a huge army of these contentious tribes marched towards Mecca to wage war against Islam and Muslims. When the army reached Autas, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was informed of its movement. At that time the Prophet (PBUH) was present in Mecca so he ordered, at once, the Muslims to be prepared for war, and in no time, an army of twelve thousand Muslims was prepared to face the enemy. In this army, there were also those Muslims who had been converted to Islam recently. It was the first chance that such a huge of the Muslims was mobilized. Seeing such a great army some of the Muslims uttered, "Oh who can defeat us now." But ALLAH did not like such utterances so he put them into trouble for a while.

          The enemy troops were hidden to attack in their ambuscades on both the sides of the Valley of Hunain. When the advanced guard of the Muslim army entered the Valley, the enemy troops sitting in ambush made a surprise attack from their hidden place. The attack was sudden and serious and the advanced guard that consisted mostly of the new Muslims could not face it. They turned back and began to flee. Seeing these Muslim troops lost their heart and they also began to flee. But the Holy Prophet (PBUH) with some of his companions stood like a rock on the battlefield. The companions who at this juncture stood with the Prophet (PBUH) like rocks included among others Hazrat Omar Farooq (RA), Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), Hazrat Ali (RA), Hazrat Abbas (RA) and Hazrat Abdullah bin Masood (RA), Hazrat Abdullah bin Masood (RA)began to call the fleeing followers who hearing the call at once turned and came back to the battlefield. Now they began to fight against the enemy again and they fought so gallantly that the enemy lost his senses and resorted to flee leaving innumerable dead bodies. The Muslims became victorious and got a lot of war booties.

The treaty of Hudaibya really proved a great victory for the Muslims. After this treaty, the number of the Muslims began to rise rapidly. Now the Muslims were in such a large number that they need not be afraid of the infidels of Mecca. They were now even, in a position to take action against the infidels, if it so required. But they made their best effort to observe the treaty in letter and spirit. However, it was the Quraish themselves who, after two years of the treaty, made it null and void. They also created a situation that compelled the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to take action against them. Thus, the Holy Prophet (PBUH).with an army of ten thousand Muslims advanced towards Mecca to conquer it. Seeing such a great army of the valiant Muslims, the Quraish lost their senses. They did not resist at all. They surrendered without any resistance and the Muslim army occupied the city of Mecca without any loss.

         The Holy Prophet (PBUH) having entered the city, first of all, cleared Kaaba of the idols installed therein by the idolators. Now, once again, Ka’ba that was built by Hazrat Ibrahim (AS.) And Hazrat Ismail (AS.) For the worship and adoration of ALLAH only, was restored to the believers.

          After surrendering to the Holy Prophet (PBUH), the people of Quraish were afraid of being avenged. They thought that Muhammad (PBUH) must take revenge of their misdeeds and the ill treatment they had done with him and with his followers. Actually, they deserved punishment for what they had done against the Prophet (PBUH) and the helpless Muslims in the past. Now Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers were the c and they could take revenge but what the Prophet (PBUH) and followers did have no other history of mankind. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) declared in clear terms- “No action or revenge shall be taken against anybody for his past deeds. General amnesty granted to should feel any anxiety." The Holy Prophet (PBUH) the slave Wahshi who had killed mercilessly of Prophet's Hazrat in the of Abu was granted also to Hindah, the wife, and Sufyan, who caused the body of Hazrat Hamza (RA)to send ghastly chewed his liver and heart. There is hardly any other example of the behavior of the conqueror towards the conquered in the world history as it was adopted by the Muslim conquerors on the occasion of the conquest of Mecca. The treatment of the victorious Muslims towards the defeated people of Quraish is a golden chapter in the history of mankind. It was this noble treatment that inspired Abu Sufyan, the Chief of Quraish and his wife Hindah to bow down and accept Islam. Hindah after being converted to Islam would often say"Muhammad (PBUH) was the person whom I hated the most before I accepted Islam but now he is the dearest of all for me."

          The conquest of Mecca is a great turning point in the history of Islam. The people of Arabia had great respect and esteem for the Quraish. They were observing thoroughly the struggle going on between the Quraish and the Muslims for more than twenty years. So when they saw that Islam had overcome and the Quraish were defeated then there remained not even an iota of doubt in their mind that Islam was the true religion of Allah and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was the true Messenger of ALLAH. So after the conquest of Mecca people from every tribe and part of Arabia began to come to the Prophet (PBUH) and accept Islam. In this way within two years the whole of Arabia entered into the fold of Islam. So we see that the country that was once quite hostile to the Holy Prophet (PBUH), within a period of 23 years came under his command. Now throughout Arabia, there was none to dispute his command. People obeyed him not only physically but also mentally and spiritually. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) had his place in people's heart and soul.

         After the conquest of Mecca the Holy Prophet (PBUH) stayed only a few days in Mecca, and accomplishing some necessary affairs of the state, went back to Madina. He could have again started to live in his native place Mecca but he did not for he had already promised to the people of Madina that he would never leave them.

          Mecca was conquered in the 8th year of Hijra (629 A.D). The Prophet(S had left Madina for Mecca with the Islamic army on the 10th of Ramazan and had entered Mecca victoriously on the 20th of Ramazan.

The battle of Mauta happened in the 8th year of Hijrah As we have read the Holy Prophet (PBUH) had sent letters to the rulers of some other countries; the ruler of Busra was also one of them. The Prophet (PBUH) had sent Haris bin Umair(RA) to him with his letter. When Hazrat Haris (RA) reached Mauta, a town near Damascus he was murdered by Shuraih beel, the chief of Balqa. According to some others, Hazrat Harris was martyred when he was returning after delivering the Prophet's (PBUH) letter to the ruler of Busra. As slaying of an envoy is a vile crime, so the Prophet (PBUH) sent an army of three thousand warriors to punish Shuraih beel. The army was sent under the command of Hazrat Zaid bin Harsa(RA).

          While the army was departing, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) himself accompanied it to a short distance. The Prophet ((PBUH) instructed if Zaid (RA) is martyred then Ja'far bin Abi Talib should assume the command of the army, and if he too is martyred then the command of the army should be undertaken by Abdullah bin Rawaha.

         The Islamic army had to face the multitudinous army of the Christians consisting of one hundred thousand soldiers. There was a fierce battle in which Hazrat Zaid (RA) and Hazrat J'afar (RA) were martyred one after another, so Hazrat Abdullah bin Rawaha (RA) assumed the command of the Islamic army, as the Holy Prophet had instructed. But Hazrat Abdullah bin Rawaha (RA) too could not survive, he was also martyred after a while, and then Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed (RA) undertook the command of the army. He collected together the Mujahedeen and attacked the enemy in such a way that the enemy was totally repulsed. Thus, an army of only three thousand Muslims got victory over one hundred thousand enemies.

As we have already read there lived in Madina some tribes of the Jews also they too, in those days were expecting the appearance of the Last Prophet of ALLAH, but they hoped that the Last Prophet (PBUH) would come of them. So, when they saw that instead of them the Last Prophet had come off the Arabs, then ignoring all the Divine signs in favor of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) they refused to believe in his prophethood. They not only disbelieved him but also became antagonized. With the exception of some good-natured persons, nearly all the Jews turned the enemy to Islam and the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The Holy Prophet (PBUH) however, did not want to impose his religion or to with the Jews. He rather wanted to live to have the confrontation with them peacefully. It was his spirit of co-existence and conciliation that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) had concluded a pact with the Jews and other citizens of Madina.

          The Jews too were a party to the pact, but they indeed did not care for the pact, they rather tried secretly to cause damage to Islam. They, together with the infidels of Mecca conspired against Islam. They also plotted to murder the Holy Prophet (PBUH). When the Jews of Madina deviated from the accord to this extent, and their hostility passed beyond all limits the Holy Prophet (PBUH) had no alternative but to take action against them. So there were some conflicts, and as a result, some of the Jews were killed and the rest were ousted from the city of Madina. Now these tribes of the Jews being ousted from Madina went to Khaibr, a land of Oases about hundred miles north of Madina. In Khaibar, there were already some other tribes of the Jews settled for a long time, so the Madinite Jews also went and settled there. Thus, they had now a large population over there. Having built strong and large forts and castles they had actually fortified the town of Khaibar. Getting a strong hold in Khaibar the Jews continued their hostility against the Muslims. Now they openly began to take the side of the Quraish against the Muslims. It was the Jews of Khaibar who had excited and encouraged the Quraish for the battle of Khandag. The Jews of Khaibar had actually become a constant danger for the Muslims, so the Holy Prophet (PBUH) rightly tried to do away with this danger forever. And this was done a year (7.11.628 A.D.) After the treaty of Hudaibya. The Muslim army under the command of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) launched an attack against Khaibar and conquered the fortresses one after another. In this battle, Hazrat Ali ((RA) showed great performances. It was Hazrat Ali ((RA) who killed'Mar hab’ one of the greatest enemies of Islam and conquered the largest fort of Khaibar. After its conquest, the fortified town of Khaibar was included in the Islamic state of Madina.

The battle of Ahzab occurred in the 5th year of Hijrah(627 A D )and then in the next year(6 Hijrah-628 AD), the Holy Prophet (PBUH)intended to perform Umra(Pilgrimage) of Ka'ba. There was a convention in Arabia since olden days that all kinds of war would remain stopped for three months during the Hajj period so that people from every part of the country could perform Hajj and Umra peacefully. Under this understanding, the Prophet (PBUH) also wanted to go to Mecca. He was accompanied by his fourteen hundred companions. But when he reached Hulaibya, a few miles away from the city of Mecca, he was informed that the Quraish were preparing for war, and they would not let the Prophet (PBUH)and his followers perform Umra. This made the Prophet (PBUH) anxious, and he sent the message of peace to the Quraish. He tried to assure them that the Muslims had no intention of any collision but they wanted only to perform Umra peacefully. This, however, could not satisfy the Quraish and they remained adamant not to allow the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and his followers to enter the city of Mecca even with the intention of performing Umra. There were discussion and arguments between the Muslims and the infidels which led to a treaty known as"The Treaty of Hudaibya". According to this treaty, it was agreed upon that the Prophet ((PBUH) and his followers should go back that year without performing Umra. But they would be allowed to enter Mecca and perform Umra in the next year. Moreover, there were some other conditions in the treaty that were apparently not in favour of the Muslims yet (PBUH)accepted them only for the sake of peace and to avoid war. After the treaty was signed the Holy Prophet (PBUH), together with his companions went back to Madina.

          Although it was thought by some that the Muslims had been hard through the treaty of adjudged it as the Distinct Victory’ in the Holy Quran. And in fact, it was proved so later on. Before this treaty, the Muslims and the infidels would remain separate and, would not have the opportunity to mix with one another. But after the treaty, they began to mix freely and the infidels got chances to see and study the lofty conducts and actions of the Muslims. Many of them were deeply impressed to see the high qualities and virtues of the Muslims, and so they began to accept Islam. The treaty remained intact for two years and it is recorded that within this period such large number of people accepted Islam that had done never before. Among them who accepted Islam during this period were also Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed (RA) and Hazrat Amr bin Aas (RA), the two famous and great Generals of Islam. The two generals are counted among the best generals the world ever produced. They proved to be the most superior commanders of the Islamic army. Their services to Islam are unforgettable. Their conquests for Islam were far and wide.

          As it is known, Islam is not for a particular nation or land but it is a Universal Faith or Religion for the whole world and for all times to come. So when Islam gained ground in Madina and some other parts. Of Arabia, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) thought it necessary to send the message of Islam to other parts of the world also. He sent letters to the rulers of Persia, Rome (Syria), Egypt and Habash inviting their attention towards Islam and to accept it. Najjashi, the King of Habash accepted Islam as soon as he received the message of the Holy Prophet (PBUH).The Roman Emperor Heraclius and Maqooqis, the Roman Governor of Egypt, though, did not respond to the message agreeably yet they treated politely to the Prophet's messengers. Some of the historians opine that Heraclius had secretly accepted Islam but he could not dare to declare his belief publicly because of the dominating majority of the Christians. Chosroes Parvez of Persia, however, was proved to be very proud and antagonist. He, not only refused to accept Islam but also torn up the letter of the Holy Prophet ((PBUH) into pieces. When the Holy Prophet ((PBUH) was informed of this, he remarked, "His kingdom too shall be torn into pieces." History gives evidence that these words of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) exactly came true.

Seeing Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) getting success, and Islam flourished in Madina, the infidels of Mecca became more furious than ever. Now they planned to uproot Islam and the Muslims forever from the face of the world, so they prepared to invade Madina with armed forces. 

       First of all, they attacked Madina in the second year of Hijrah. As this battle was fought in the field of Badr, about eighty miles north of Madina, so it is known as the battle of Badr. In this battle, there were only 313 Mujahids in Islamic army while the Quraish had invaded with more than a thousand warriors. The infidels were well armed and well Equipped while the Muslim soldiers were poorly equipped. Some of them had come over to the battlefield with broken swords only. But the Muslims fought against the enemy more than thrice in number, with such a zeal and bravery that the Quraish had no way but to nee, leaving a lot of dead bodies on the battlefield and several war prisoners in the hands of the Muslim army. The Quraish chief Abu Jahl, one of the greatest enemies of Islam, was also among those infidels who were killed in the battle of Badr. This was the first Jehad Holy War in Islamic history, and it was not because the Muslims wanted to fight but it was an aggression by the infidels with the intention to annihilate the Muslims and Islam. The Muslims, although not sufficient in number and insufficiently armed, were proved far more devoted, zealous and gallant. Thus, they deserved the marvellous victory they got. 

      Next year that is in the third year of Hijra, the Quraish came to invade Madina again. This battle is called, “The Battle of Uhud'. Uhud is a mountain about two miles away in the north of Madina the battle was fought at the foot of this mountain so it in called “The Battle of Uhud.’ 

      In this battle, there were only 700 soldiers in the Muslim army while the strength of the Quraish was three thousand. So in this battle, too, the Quraish were about four times tear in number than the Muslims. The Quraish army was under the command of Abu Sufyan, another chief of the Quraish after Abu Jahl. The brave and bold uncle or the Holy Prophet (PBUH) Hazrat Hamza (RA) was martyred in this battle by Wahshi, a slave of Abu Suryan's wife Hindah. In the beginning, of the battle the Muslims had advanced, and the infidels were again about to be the rep but because of the remissness of those who were on guard to the back side of the mountain, the fleeing enemy attacked from the back side, and the Muslim army was dispersed. This was a very critical moment for the Muslims, and a false rumour about the martyrdom of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was spread. Although some injuries were inflicted to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was saved. However, this false rumour made the Muslims desperate and now they began to think their own life useless after the Holy Prophet (PBUH) they began to fight desperately and so the enemy could not dare to attack Madina. The enemy, instead of making any advance towards Madina, went back without obtaining any gain. 

       The third invasion of the Quraish is named'The Battle of Ditches or"The Battle of Ahzab." This happened in the 5th year of Hijra. In this battle, a great army of the Quraish, under the command of Abu Sufyan, and with the help of many other Arab tribes and Jews tried to besiege Madina. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) called a meeting of his companions to have the consultation about the war strategy. This was the occasion when Hazrat Salman Farsi (RA) who was an Iranian by birth and was well aware of the Iranian war tactics, advised the Holy Prophet (PBUH) that considering the difference between the numbers of the Muslims and the enemy it was not advisable to fight in the open field. So it was better to dig ditches around the city and defend it standing behind the ditches. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) liked and agreed to Hazrat Salman's (RA) suggestion and started to dig ditches. About three thousand companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) took part in this work and it was accomplished within a fortnight.

      The infidels had come to attack Madina with the intention to give the Muslims a crushing defeat but thanks to ALLAH, who created such natural situation that the infidels themselves were put to trouble and were compelled to give up their fruitless siege. So the war of Ahzab or Khandaq (Trenches) came to an end without any loss to the Muslims or gain for the infidels.

It is generally thought that Islam is a religion preached and started by Hazrat Muhammad (PUBH) fourteen hundred years ago. But this not correct. In fact, Islam is to the religion of mankind and started on the day man came to live on this planet. Adam (Alai-his- Salam) the first man was himself the first Prophet. So Islam actually started on the day, a man started to live in this world, and it was completed on the day the Holy Quran declared: “Today I have completed your Faith.” 

According to the Holy Quran, ALLAH, The Creator of everyone and everything managed to guide mankind through His chosen messengers or Prophets. Although their exact number is not known but it is a fact that ALLAH send his prophets in every part of the world and in every nation in different ages between Adam (AS) and Hazrat Muhammad (PUBH) Some of them are known as Jonah, Noah, Hud, Jacob, Joseph, Abraham, Isac, Moses, Aron, Ismail, Jesus Christ (AS) etc...They all were truthful prophets of ALLAH, preached the same religion, and taught man the same lesson. The essence of their teaching was: “Man should bow down, and pray to ALLAH only, and to none else, and should follow the Path of ALLAH so that he may not go astray” 

If any difference among the teaching of the different Prophets is traced, they are not fundamental. Those are because of the different ages and different needs and requirements. So those differences are not in the basic teachings. The great teachers Prophets taught their respective people according to the needs and demands of their ages. So these differences had no importance. In this way, it should be said that the teachings of other Prophets from Adam to Christ were in Parts, and according to the immediate needs and requirements of their respective nation. But What Hazrat Muhammad (PUBH) preached and taught is the completed religion or code of life for mankind. It is not for a particular nation, area or age but is for the whole of mankind, for the whole world and for all times to come. And this complete code of life is named as Islam. In the presence of Islam no other religion, faith or way of life whether it was professed in the past or may claim to be professed in future, is required. 

No historian can deny the fact that Islam has bestowed upon mankind lots of virtues. Before Islam, man would be afraid of every strange, unique or powerful thing, and would bow down before that, but Islam dispelled all such notions. It taught and convinced a man that he is the best of all creatures’, so he need not be submissive to anyone except his creator. It was this concept that created in man’s mind self-confidence and self-respect. The man remained no longer afraid of nature that determined to conquer the forces of nature. Islam changed not only the religious and spiritual attitude of man but in fact, it changed the whole pattern of human life. It brought basic changes in human thought, philosophy, culture and civilization. It showed the social and economic justice. It made no difference between man and man, black and white, haves and have-nots. It declared that all men are equal and there should be no injustice to anyone but justice to all. Here we have no space enough to describe all the virtues Islam bestowed on mankind, but in short it can be claimed that no other religion faith or ideology could grant human beings as many virtues as Islam did.

This is not merely a hollow claim but history bears witness to it. History speaks well and offers a vivid picture of what Islam gave to the world during its fourteen hundred years. It also shows how Islam treated the world and how the world treated it. So those, who are interested in human history, and who want to know facts about man’s journey from Adam (AS) to this day, must study unbiased Islamic history.

After the building of Prophet's mosque or Islamic centre and rehabilitation of the Muhajirs, the third step taken by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was the political one. He founded a political system that consisted of the Muslims, Jews and idolaters of Madina. The state came into being under the system which may be characterized as the city-state of Madina,

In the sixth month of Hijra, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) established the relationship of brotherhood between the Muhajireen and Ansar. As stated above, those who came from Mecca were called as’Muhajir’ which means'one that left his native land and went somewhere else for a noble cause. As the Muslims who had come from Mecca to Madina only for the cause of Islam and were deprived of their hearth and homes deserved and needed help to rehabilitate them. On the other hand, the Muslims of Madina. Who were well-to-do people, were ready to help their Muhajir brethren in every way and so they got the title of'Ansar or'those that help.

          Under these circumstances, the Holy Prophet (PBUH)established"Mawakhat’ or the system of brotherhood between the Muhajireen and Ansar, under this system an individual Muhajir was made the brother of an individual Ansari. This was a unique system that has no other instance anywhere in the world. Under this system. Two men, who had no relation or connection at all, in the past, after this became more than real brothers. Every one of the Ansar who got a Muhajir as his brother gave an equal share in his property and belongings to his Muhajir brother. Some of the Ansar who had more than one wife went up to the extent that they offered to divorce one of their wives so that their Muhajir brothers (in case he had no wife) could marry the divorced ladies.

          This system of brotherhood among the Muhajireen and Ansar, in those days of tribal enmity and prejudices, was really a revolutionary system that has no parallel anywhere else in the history of mankind. The system not only helped in the rehabilitation of the Muhajirs but also created deep love and between the Muhajirs and Ansar. This also shows that the spirit of Islam can join and put together peoples of different lands, tribes, families and nationalities. The spirit of Islam can bring together Abu Bakr (RA)of Mecca, Abu Ayub (RA)of Madina, Salman (RA) of Persia and Bilal (RA)of Habash under one brotherhood, but Hamza (RA)and Abu Lahab (RA)in spite of being the sons of same father cannot stand together.

Call The Azan or prayer call had not yet been introduced in the initial stage of Islam. In Mecca, the Muslims were a small minority, and they could be assembled for prayer from the neighborhood by a call delivered in an ordinary voice. But, in Madina when the Prophet's mosque was built and Kaba was fixed as the direction for prayers and an ever-increasing number of people joined the fold of Islam, a device was needed by which the Muslims residing at longer distances could be called to prayer. Some suggested the blowing of a horn for this purpose. Others recommended the beating of a trumpet; still some others put forth the idea that people should be given the signal for prayer by burning a fire on the top of a mound. But none of these suggestions was approved. At last, a Madinite companion of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) Hazrat Abdullah bin Zaid Khazraji (RA) had a dream at night in which someone dressed in green apparel taught him the words now used in the Azan. He first uttered the words of Azan in a loud voice, and then rising to his feet uttered the Iqama’ or the words which are uttered when the congregation of the prayer is about to stand. Both'Azan and Iqama’ comprised the same words expecting an addition of Qad Qamatis. Salat' (the prayer is to be started) in Igama.

          On waking up Hazrat Abdullah bin Zaid (RA) at once presented himself before the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and narrated to him his dream. Thereafter Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) came to the Holy Prophet (PBUH)and narrated a dream similar to that of Hazrat Abdullah bin Zaid (RA).The Holy Prophet (PBUH)then accepted the Azan and Iqama and appointed Hazrat Bilal (RA)as the First Muazzin of Islam. This is how the Azan was introduced which we now hear.

          As in Mecca, so in Madina, Hazrat Bilal (RA) could not endure separation from the Holy Prophet (PBUH).He was constantly in attendance upon the Holy Prophet (PBUH).It was for this reason that the honour of being the first Muazzin in the mosque of the Prophet (PBUH) was conferred upon him.

In Madina, the Muslims got a shelter. Now they were not as helpless and distressed as they were in Mecca. Now they could freely adore and worship ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA) and reform their lives according to the ways of Islam. Also, the Muslims who had migrated earlier from Mecca to Habash now came to Madina and enjoyed here peaceful life. From here started the terms of Muhajir' and Ansar'. Those who had migrated were called as Muhajir ( Muhajireen) and those who were Madinite Muslim were called as Ansari' ( Ansar).

The building of the Prophet's (PBUH) Mosque 

        The Prophet (PBUH) remained about six or seven Holy months in Hazrat Abu Ayub Ansari's (RA) house as his guest. After that, he wanted to build a mosque in Madina. For this purpose, he selected the plot of land where his she-camel Quswa had stopped and sat on the first day of his arrival. That plot of land belonged to two orphan brothers, Shall and Sahl (RA) of Banu Najjar. The Prophet (PBUH) sent for the Ansar and suggested that he wanted to build a mosque in that vacant plot of land. They agreed to the Prophet's suggestion, and told that they would pay the price for the plot to the orphan brothers, and offer the plot to him for the sake of ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA). The Prophet (PBUH) praised their spirit but insisted that he himself would pay the price for the plot of land to the orphan children. For this purpose, he sent for Suhail and Sahl, who also said that they wished to offer their plot in the name of ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA) without taking any price. Their mother also supported her children's proposal But the Holy Prophet (PBUH) could not agree to take the plot of land free of cost. Thus, the price was paid in the form of gold, and the construction of the Prophet's mosque was started. The mosque was named as"Masjid-e-Nabavi” or the"Mosque of the Prophet It is still there and now it is reckoned as one of the greatest place of worship in the world. In the beginning, it was not as large and splendid as it is today. At that time, it was quite an ordinary holding made of timber and straws. Even the floors were not macadamized. Adjacent to the mosque two rooms were also built where the Prophet (PBUH) shifted from Hazrat Abu Ayub's (RA) house.

          The mosque was not specific for prayers only but it was also a centre of social life. Here the Muslims were imparted Islamic instructions and were taught Islamic way of life. The quarrels and disputes of the people would also be decided here by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the matters concerning the Muslims were also discussed here.

When the Prophet (PBUH) reached the locality of Banu Salem it was the time of noon prayer. The Prophet (PBUH) got down from Quswa and delivered a sermon. After the sermon, with all his companions, he performed the Jum'a prayer. This was the first sermon and first prayer of Jum'a (Friday prayer).

           After the prayer was over, the Holy Prophet entered the city from its southern side. Now the question was who would be fortunate enough to receive the Holy Prophet (PBUH) as his guest. Everyone of every tribe wanted to be the host of Allah's Messenger. The tribe of Banu Najjar had every hope because it was related to the Prophet (PBUH) through his mother Hazrat Amena. Even the little girls of this tribe were singing merrily to receive the Prophet (PBUH).

          On the other hand, the chiefs of other tribes also began to come one after another with the request that the Prophet (PBUH) should kindly be the guest of their tribe. In reply, to them the Prophet (PBUH). Declared, "Let this she-camel (Quswa) go and stay where she wants to. She has already been directed by ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA)."

          And so everyone eagerly began to observe the she-camel which at first stopped at the place where, nowadays, there is the Main gate of Masjid-e-Nabvi' (The Prophet Mosque). But after a few moments, Quswa again stood up and started to go ahead. She, however, did not go further but came back again to the place where she had first stayed and sat. As the place, was in front of Hazrat Abu Ayub Ansari's (RA) house (of Banu Najjar) so he got the opportunity to be the host of the Messenger of ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA).

          It was the month of Rabiul Awwal(13th year of Nabuwah) when the Holy Prophet((S.A.W) migrated from Mecca to Yasrib. And it was that day when the city of Yasrib was renamed as"Madinatun-Nabi’ or the city of the Prophet (PBUH) short form of which is or from this event of the Prophet's Hijrah (migration), the Hijrah Era of Islam commenced.

The Muslims of Yasrib wished that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) Too should migrate and come over to Yasrib but the Prophet (PBUH) was waiting for instruction in this regard from ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA). He was not ready to move until he was ordered to. At last one day is received instructions in this regard from ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA). When the infidels came to know that Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him)Had been ordered by ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA) to leave Mecca for Yasrib they made a plan to put to death the Prophet (PBUH).To execute the plan, one man from each tribe was selected so that if Banu Hashim wanted to take revenge of the Prophet's life they might not be able to do ago because it would not be possible on their part to declare war against all the tribes at a time. According to the plan, the need men one night came together to the Prophet's house. Their plan was to enter the Prophet's house at the dead of night and kill him all of a sudden.

          As we have come to know earlier people would deposit their valuables with the Holy Prophet (PBUH).This continued even after the Prophet Hood of Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) an Even those Meccans who had no faith in Islam would regard Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) as trustworthy and would come to deposit their valuables with him. So at the time of Hijrah (Migration) also, lots of people's deposits were lying with the Prophet (PBUH). And it was necessary for him to return those deposits to their depositors. But the time was very critical, so Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him)Entrusted all those deposits to his 22 years’ cousin Hazrat Ali (RA) wich the instruction that after his departure he (Hazrat Ali (RA)) should return the deposits to their respective own users and three he too should leave Mecca for Yasrib. According to the Prophet's instruction Hazrat Ali (RA) stayed in the house and slept on the beds of the Prophet (PBUH).In the meantime the infidels, who had come to assassinate the Holy Prophet (PBUH)and were waiting at the door of the Prophet's house, felt drowsy and had a nap. This helped the Prophet (PBUH) to go out of the house and the infidels could not be aware of his going.

        Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) going out of his house, went directly to the house of his friend Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq(RA) who had already arranged for the journey.Thus, the Holy prophet (PBUH)started for Yasrib and Abu Bakr(RA) accompanied him.

          When the infidels woke up, and entered the Prophet's house they wondered to see Hazrat Ali (RA) in place of Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him). Their plan had failed and they were very sorry for this. But they were still not quite disappointed. Now they wanted to follow and get hold of the Prophet (PBUH) on the way. They also declared a lucrative prize (one hundred camels) for the person who would get hold of Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) and his companion Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) and bring them back to Mecca. But this plan of the infidels also was of no avail. None could see and bring back the Prophet (PBUH) and Abu Bakr(RA). At the distance of only three miles from Mecca, there was a cave-the cave of Saur which proved to be a safe shelter for the Prophet (PBUH) and his companion, who remained for three days in that. After three days they started towards Yasrib.

           The People of yasrib had already received the news about the Prophet's departure from Mecca, so they were anxiously and impatiently waiting for his arrival.

         The Holy Prophet (PBUH) stopped at Quba situated a few miles away in the outskirts of Yasrib, He stayed at Quba for two weeks, and during these fourteen days the people Quba showed their remarkable hospitality. It was Friday when the Prophet ((PBUH) Started for the interior of Yasrib from Quba. The Prophet (PBUH)Stayed at Quba with the t the time of his departure the tribe of Amr bin Auf, so chiefs of the tribe came to him, and asked why he was leaving them, and if they had failed in his proper hospitality. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) consoling them said that he was going where ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA) had ordered him.

          The Prophet (PBUH) riding on his she-camal Quswa, started for Yasrib in the company of his faithful companions. The people of Yasrib had already come to Quba in large numbers to receive the Holy Prophet (PBUH).The cheerfulness and merriments of the people of Yasrib knew no bounds when the Prophet (PBUH) entered the city.

          

              They would often talk to the Arabs that the new Prophet was to appear very soon who would change their condition. Thus, the people of Yasrib too knew that a new Prophet of ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA) was about to appear. In such a situation when one day some people of Yasrib came to know that someone had appeared in Mecca who claimed to be the Prophet of ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA), they sent a deputation to Mecca to acquire information about the appearance of the Prophet. The members of the delegation met the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and asked about the message he was giving to the people. They, after speaking with the Holy Prophet (PBUH) were quite convinced that Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) was really the same Prophet of ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA), the Jews were waiting for Thinking that the Jews should not take the lead to believe in the new Prophet and his religion, and they at once accepted Islam. They also performed an oath of loyalty to the Prophet (PBUH). The oath is known as the first ‘oath of Aqaba (Aqaba being the name of the place where the oath was taken.)

             

           After this, within the next two years, some more people from Yasrib came to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and accepted Islam. This time, also the Prophet (PBUH).Went with them at Aqaba and another oath was performed. This is called in history as the second oath of Aqaba In this oath the representatives of Yasrib promised to the Prophet (PBUH) that they would discard the belief in plurality of God; would not commit theft or steal; would not pollute the chastity kill their children; would not commit adultery and would not disobey the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in any matter. They also promised to be on the side of the Prophet (PBUH) both in war and peace.

       After this Islam began to spread swiftly in Yasrib. Thus, the people of Yasrib were fortunate enough to attain the blessing which the people of Mecca and Ta'if had been deprived of themselves. Now the Muslims of Mecca had got a sheltered place where they could be safe from the hands of the infidels of Mecca, and could freely perform their duties to Allah. The Holy Prophet (PBUH).Allowed the Muslims of Mecca to migrate and take shelter in Yasrib. And the Muslims began to do so. Now the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and only a few Muslims including Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) and Hazrat Ali (RA) were left in Mecca.

The Holy Prophet (PBUH)being disappointed with the treatment of the Meccan people, one day left Mecca for Ta'if, a town about forty miles away from Mecca. He made a speech there and wanted to show the people the Right Path. But the inhabitants of Ta if proved to be more cruel to the Prophet (PBUH) than the people of Mecca. They not only mocked and made aspersions against him but also induced the street urchins to throw stones at the Prophet (PBUH) who severely stoned at the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and made him covered with blood. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) had no alternative but to return to Mecca.

              Sometimes, after his coming back from Ta'if to Mecca the Prophet's uncle Abu Talib and wife Hazrat Khadijah (RA) expired one after the other. After their passing away, the Prophet (PBUH) found himself very helpless, for they were his main supporters. The Prophet (PBUH) felt so distressed that year that it is called the year of distress, in Islamic history. But after the year of distress, Islam found a new path to flourishing and prospers. Now, Allah decided to do away with the helplessness and miseries of the Prophet ((PBUH) and the Muslims.

     

Such offers were worthless to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) who was working with a noble and supreme mission. But his refusal to accept their inducement made the Quraish much frustrated and furious, and they became more cruel and tyrannical. Till now their targets were mainly the common Muslims but now they did not spare even the Holy Prophet (PBUH) rather they made him their main target. They demanded now in clear terms from Abu Talib that he should make over Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) to them so that they would kill him, and in exchange, he may take a young man from them. Although Hazrat Abu Talib had not accepted Islam yet he replied boldly, ''What a fun! I should make over my son to you so that you kill him, and 1 should take your son to cherish. I can't surrender to such an absurd demand."

   
The Quraish also warned Abu Talib that if he did not comply with their demand, they would boycott Bani Hashim So when Abu Talib did not surrender to their demand, the Quraish boycotted Bani Ilashim dynasty. They stopped their supply of food and every necessity of life. Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him)together with Abu Talib and his kiths and kins took shelter in a mountain pass called later on as"She be-Abi Talib'. Here they all had to pass their days without food. They would either take leaves of trees or would go on fasting. This pitiful condition continued for about three years. At last, thanks to some kind hearted gentlemen of Mecca that this inhuman treatment came to an end, and the Prophet (PBUH) with his family members came back to his place.

 
 But the ruffians still inflicted troubles to the Prophet (PBUH) and his companions. They would jest the Holy Prophet (PBUH) while they would see him in the lanes and streets. They would try to disparage him saying"insane' and'magician' they would not allow him even to speak before people coming from outside not let the people hear his words. They also used to throw thorns on his paths and house door.

         

         In the outskirts of Mecca, there is a cave called "Hera' in a mountain. This is a peaceful lonely place. After his marriage Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) often would go to that place and would remain for days absorbed in meditation and contemplation of the Divinity. In this way, he passed some time, and at last one day Allah, the Merciful sent the Archangel Gabriel to Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) with His Divine Message. This was the commencement of the Revelation or'Nabuwat', Hazrat Gabriel, the Archangel was the same angel who used to bring ALLAH's Messages to other Prophets before Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him)and now he had come with the Message of ALLAH to His Last Prophet (PBUH). This was the Message of Islam, the essence of which is to believe in ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA) and obey His Commandments. Now Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) too was declared by the Creator as His Messenger and Prophet. And he was the last one after whom no Messenger or Prophet would ever come, in the same way, Al-Quran is the final word of ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA).

       Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) was asked now to convey the late Message of ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA) to His slaves, which the Prophet started promptly and without any hesitation. First of all, he conveyed Allah's message to his own family members and close friends. He told them to give up idol worship and to worship only one ALLAH, the Creator of all. His wife Hazrat Khadijah (R A) his cousin Hazrat Ali (R.A.A.) a boy of ten years only, his friend Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA A.) and his slave Hazrat Zaid (R.A.A.) promptly accepted the True Faith-1slam. They all knew that Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) was a truthful person. He could never tell a lie and have any claim that was not true. They all were aware of the ins and outs of Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) so they had not an iota of doubt about Hazrat Muhammad's "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) claim of the Prophethood, They believed it was perfectly true. Believing in Prophethood oi Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) they also proved his lofty qualities.

          In this way the Holy Prophet "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him)continued to convey the Message of ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA) to His slaves calmly for about three years and in the initial stage about forty persons were converted to Islam among whom were also Hazrat Usman bin Affan (RA),Hazrat Zaid (RA),Hazrat Abdur Rahman bin Auf (RA),Hazrat Sa'd bin waqas (RA),Hazrat Talha (RA),Hazrat Ammar bin Yasir (RA),Hazrat Abdullah bin Mas'ood (RA),Hazrat Abu Obaidah (RA)These companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)later on performed great services to Islam.

The country of Arabia where the Last Prophet of ALLAH (PBUH) was born in those days was for behind in culture and civilization from the countries mentioned above. There was, however, a time in ancient days when the Arabs conquered the lands of Babylon, Syria and Egypt and established powerful governments. They founded culture and civilization in those countries. Hammurabi the famous ruler of Babylon and well-known for this legislations belonged to that ancient Arabian lineage. The ancient Arabs also founded and developed their culture and civilization in Hadar Maud in the mainland of Arabia as well as in the Arab areas of eastern coast adjacent to the Gulf of Persia. But these cultures and civilization of the ancient Arabs are related to the pre-historic ages. In Arabian history, these nations are named as Arab-e-Baa-da’ or the Arabs who no longer exist. The “Aads” and “Thamuds” were from these ancient Arab nations among whom Prophets like Hazrat ‘Hud’ ‘Saleh’ (AS) were born.

          Before the advent of Islam, we find a civilization in Yemen. This was founded during the period of Saba dynasty (established in 1000 B.C. and lasted up to 300 B.C.) so, just before the advent of Islam; it was only Yemen in the whole of Arabia that was regarded as developed and cultured. But the people of this region were also idolaters. There were also some Jews and Christians among them.

          Thus, it is seen that with the exception of Yemen the whole of Arabia was uncivilized rather savage. The inhabitants of the country were divided into tribes, and every tribe was free to do whatever it liked. These tribes would frequently fight against one another. In case a man would kill a man of another tribe, it was thought necessary by the tribe of the person killed to take revenge from the killer’s tribe and thus a war would be started to linger on for years. In such wars, the other tribes also would take the side of one or the other fighting tribe. In such wars, thousands of people would lose their lives.

          Dacoit and highway robbery were common features. People would travel in caravans but the caravans too were not safe and secure. The highway robbers would often attack and loot the whole caravan. There were tribes who had adopted robbery as their occupation and they would take not counted as evils. To take someone’s life was not serious act. Often petty quarrels would result in bloody fighting and murders. Birth of a baby girl was thought shameful and a mark of contempt. So, there cruel men who would not hesitate to bury alive their innocent daughters just after they were born. And there was none who could take them to task for such cruel deeds.

          So Far as education was concerned, in Arabia at that time it was no better than nil, In Yasrib there were some Jews and Christians who could read and write but in the city of Mecca, the number persons able to read and write was only seventeen.

        At the place, which was called ‘Mecca’ later on, Hazrat Ibrahim (AS)(Abraham) and his son Hazrat Ismail (AS) had built a mosque or house of worship. Before this house was built it was a desolated place. The mosque built by Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) and Ismail (AS) was named as ‘KABA’ or ‘BAITULLAH’. Hazrat Ismail (AS) settled at that very place permanently and thereafter people began to come and settle at the place around ‘KABBA’. Thus, the city of Mecca was inhabited.

          So long as Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) and Ismail (AS) were alive, the people of Mecca worshiped only One ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA) but after them, they gradually forgot Him and started idolatry. Even ‘KABA’ was not spared. It is said that someone bought and installed one day an idol which was regarded and worshiped as a God. Thereafter people began to bring and install idols in ‘KABA’ one after another. As a result, in Ka'ba, the number of idols rose as many as there are days in a year. Every Tribe had an idol of its own. In Mecca, however, there were also people who worshiped only ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA), but their number could be counted on fingers.

          But the Arabs, with all their evils and vices, had some good qualities; also, as for example, they were very brave and bold people. They were very generous and true to their words. They loved their freedom and liberty. They did not have luxuries and passed very simple life. They were not idle and inactive but sturdy and hardworking people. Although they did not know how to read and write yet their language, Arabic, was a perfect one. Their poetry was on the speak and even today the Arabic poetry of those days is regarded as one of the best literature. They were great orators and were rightly proud of their oration. They would term non-Arabs as ’Ajami’ or ‘Dumb’ That is why ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA) selected this language for this Holy book AL-QURAN. The position of Arabian Peninsula on the globe also seemed very suitable for an international Message like Islam.

          So these were the conditions and situation in the world when Islam the Last Message of ALLAH (SUBHANA WA TALA) was revealed. It must be mentioned here that just before the advent of Islam people in many parts of the world were waiting for Last Prophet (PBUH) with the Last Message of the Creator.

          Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) the Last Prophet of ALLAH was born in Mecca about 2500 years after Ismail (AS) and 570 years after Christ. There is a slight difference of opinion about his date of birth. Generally, it is stated that he was born on the 12th of Rabiul Awwal, 52 years before Hijrah (corresponding 23rd April, 571 A.D.). While some others maintain that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was born on the 9th Rabiul Awwal (52 B.H.) corresponding to 20th April, 571 A.D. However, there is general agreement about the day being Monday and the time being early in the morning. As it is the seen in the genealogy the Holy Prophet came from the offspring of Hazrat Ismail (RA) the son of Abraham or Ibrahim (AS). The Holy Prophet ((PBUH) belongs to the renowned Arabian tribe Quraish.

          Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) was the posthumous child. His father Hazart Abdullah had died a few months before his birth. And when he was only six-year-old, his mother Hazarat Amena also died. Thus, he has left an orphan in this world. Now his grandfather Abdul Muttalib took him under his own care but he also died after two years when the child Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) was only eight years old. At last, his uncle Abu Talib took him under his care and the Prophet (PBUH)was brought up under him. As we have seen earlier, in those days education was not customary in Arabia so Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) could not get the education. He even did not know how to read and write.

          It is strange to note that in spite of Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) being born and brought up in an ignorant and idolatrous society quite deprived of virtues, remained away from all kinds of evils just from his childhood. He did never worship any idol or man-made god, nor he over ate anything offered to any idol by way of respect or sacrifice. He always avoided wine and gambling. He never lied but always spoke the truth. He was always honest and just to everyone. People would deposit with him their money and valuables without any witness or proof and would get back on demand. It was because of his truthfulness, honesty and straightforwardness, that people would call him"Sadiq" (truthful) and"Ameen" (honest). In an atmosphere and society where idolatry, dishonesty and wickedness were the order of the day, the superiority of his character apparently proves that he was the truthful Prophet sent by ALLAH to show the Right Path to the people.

          The most popular profession of the Quraish in those days was trade or business. So when Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him)attained the age of maturity, he would accompany his uncle Abu Talib on business trips. Thus, he got the chances to visit Syria and Yemen.

          At that time, there was a wealthy lady in Mecca, named Hazrat Khadijah(RA). She was a widow, so she would send others with merchandise to other countries. When Hazrat Khadijah (RA) came to know of the honesty and truthfulness of Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) she sent for him and suggested to do business on her behalf.

             Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) agreed and taking a lot of merchandise from her went to Syria. Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) did his best in this business trip and came back with great success, Hazrat Khadijah(RA) was much impressed to see his uprightness and honesty. She was so much impressed with his noble character and conduct that she gave him the proposal for marriage. Hazrat Khadijah(RA) was a perfectly noble and virtuous lady. People would call her"Taherah' (Chaste) because of her being pure in thoughts and deeds. At that time, she was forty years old but Hazrat Muhammad "Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam "(Peace Be Upon Him) was 25 years only. Yet he agreed to marry her with his uncle's advice.

History of the Muslims or Islamic Millat starts from the day Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) was blessed with the revelation of ALLAH’s Message. But to comprehend it fully we also must be aware of the conditions of the world prevailing in those days. The period was of the sixth century A.D.

Man in those days was no longer in the primitive stage. He had learnt many things as to how to pass life comfortably. He had learnt cultivation and farming. He could build houses, weave cloth of different verities, and make utensils and ornaments of various metals. Villages and towns had been inhabited and societies were formed. He had also attained considerable mental faculties. But in spite of all these developments and progress spiritually or religiously man was quite backward. Forgetting the teachings of the Prophets he had missed the right path and gone astray. People would believe in God but they would Worship idols also. They had created many false gods and goddesses. Idols of stone and soil would be worshipped as if they were gods. This state of affairs prevailed not only in Arabia but in the whole world.

       The Iranians were the followers of an ancient religion which had taught the belief in One God but they would worship fire. In India, the people in spite of being cultured and advanced in knowledge had become idol worshippers. They would claim to be the followers of a religion revealed by God, and would determine ‘Vedas’ as the revealed books, yet everything, having some power and force, had become their god. So they had countless gods and goodness. Their god. So they had countless gods and goddesses. The peoples living in China and Japan were Buddhists. Buddhism, a religion started in India but exterminated from there had gained ground in the countries of Far East including China and Japan. There was no conception of idol worshipping in this religion yet Buddhists has started to worship the idol of Budha, the founder of their religion. The inhabitants of Syria, Egypt, Asia Minor, Habash and Southern and Western Europe were Christians but only by name. The world claims to the followers of Jesus Christ but had forgotten the conception of Oneness of God. They accepted the belief of Trinity which was created by some misguided priests. They determined Jesus Christ as the “Son of God” and would worship the idols and pictures of Christ and his mother Mary.

       Like the Christians, the Jews too had a religion revealed by God. But they also had altered the true faith preached by Moses. They would claim to be the followers of Moses but actually had no connection with the religion of Moses. They completely changed the face and spirit of the religion. They were the people who had even tried to execute Jesus Christ. The Jews had no home to their own. They were, however, settled in the coastal areas around the Mediterranean Sea. In some areas of Arabia to the Jews, like the Christians had their settlements.